The thickness variation of a linear rectangular element is given by

Posted: January 9th, 2022


The thickness variation of a linear rectangular element is given by

where Ni is the bilinear shape function, and hi is the thickness value at node i. How many Gauss points are required to evaluate exactly the mass and stiffness matrices?

In the transformation from the local coordinate system to the global coordinate system in a planar frame, does the rotation degree of freedom undergo any transformation? Why?

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